In 2017, the proportion of the population aged between 0 and 14 increased from 16.6% to 16.8%. Meanwhile, the working-age population, aged 15-59, has fallen for six consecutive years, with six million fewer last year. The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) released on February 28the Statistical Communiqué on the 2017 National Economic and Social Development(hereinafter referred to as the Communiqué). This shows the new changes in China's population structure. According to the Communiqué, by the end of 2017,the total number of Chinese population at the mainland reached 1,390.08 million, an increase of 7.37 million people.Of this total, urban permanent residents numbered 813.47 million, accounting for 58.52 percent of the total population (the urbanization rate of permanent residents), and 1.17 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. The urbanization rate of population with household registration was 42.35 percent, 1.15 percentage points higher than that at the end of 2016.Last year was the second year of the full two-child policy. The policy effect of the two-child policy should be fully reflected in 2017, according to demographers, due to the fact that there is a period of time when policy is on the ground and production is ready. According to the Communiqué, 17.23 million people were born last year, down from 17.86 million in 2016. According to Yao Meixiong, a demographer and part-time professor at Huaqiao University, the increase in the proportion of young children last year was a result of the accumulation of reproductive potential, but the increase rate was lower. He predicts that as the number of active women of childbearing age decreases, the number of births will decrease substantially in 2018 and the proportion of children will fall. It also showed that the total number of working-age people aged between 15 and 59 last year was 90,199, a decrease of 6 million from the previous year. China's working-age population has fallen for the sixth consecutive years since 2012, when the country's working-age population began to fall, the total number reduced has reached 25 million.